系统配置 内存要求
查看系统内存
$ grep Memtotal /proc/meminfo
查看Swap
$ grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
内存要求不低于1G,且swap需根据memory设置
Memory
Swap
1G~2G
RAM的1.5倍
2G~16G
RAM
16G | 16G
磁盘要求
/tmp目录不少于1G /u01目录不少于100G
配置yum源
挂载镜像
$ mount /dev/cdrom /mnt -o loop
编辑yum源文件
$ vi /etc/yum.repos.d/source [redhat] name =Linux 6.3 DVD baseurl=file:///mnt/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1
安装依赖包
$ yum install -y binutils-* compat-libcap1-* compat-libstdc++* compat-libstdc++* gcc-* gcc-c++* glibc-* glibc-devel-* ksh libaio-* libaio-devel-* libgcc-* libstdc++* libstdc++-devel-* libXi-* libXtst-* make-* unixODBC-* unixODBC-devel-*
关闭selinux
$ setenforce 0 $ vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux SELINUX=disabled
关闭iptables
$ service iptables stop $ chkconfig --level 2345 iptables off
系统内核配置
参数
值
kernel.sem
250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmall
shmmax/getconf PAGESIZE
kernel.shmmax
超过一半的物理内存(90%)
kernel.shmmni
4096
fs.file-max
6815744
fs.aio-max-nr
1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range
9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default
262144
net.core.rmem_max
4194304
net.core.wmem_default
262144
net.core.wmem_max
1048576
关闭Transparent HugePages
$ echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled $ echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag $ echo "echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled" >> /etc/rc.local $ echo "echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag" >> /etc/rc.local
创建用户和组
$ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall $ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba $ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 oper $ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 asmadmin $ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 505 asmdba $ /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 506 asmoper $ /usr/sbin/useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle $ /usr/sbin/useradd -u 503 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
配置limit
grid soft nproc 2047 grid hard nproc 16384 grid soft nofile 1024 grid hard nofile 65536 grid soft stack 10240 grid hard stack 32768 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768
创建目录
$ mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid $ mkdir -p /u01/app/grid $ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle $ chown grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0/grid $ chown grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid $ chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle $ chmod -R 775 /u01/ $ chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
配置用户环境变量
Oracle((/home/oracle/.bash_profile))
export TMP=/tmp; export TMPDIR=$TMP; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=source; export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_UNQNAME=source; export ORACLE_SID=source; export ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK; umask 022;
Grid(/home/grid/.bash_profile)
export TMP=/tmp; export TMPDIR=$TMP; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=source; export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1; export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid; export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK; umask 022;
使环境变量生效
$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile $ source /home/grid/.bash_profile
绑定ASM磁盘
获取磁盘设备ID
编辑绑定规则
$ cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36000c2925e6b664b62fdd12b6eeaf353", NAME="asmgrid-ocr", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
重新加载规则文件
$ /sbin/udevadm control --reload-rules
启动UDEV
Grid安装 编辑响应文件(/解压目录/response/grid_install.rsp)
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_crsinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 ##系统主机名 ORACLE_HOSTNAME=t-luhxdb01 ##清单目录 INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory ##选择语言 SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ##安装类型 oracle.install.option=HA_CONFIG ##ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid ##ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid ##指定OSDBA oracle.install.asm.OSDBA=asmdba ##指定OSOPER oracle.install.asm.OSOPER=asmoper ##指定ASMADMIN oracle.install.asm.OSASM=asmadmin ##配置存储方式 oracle.install.crs.config.storageOption=ASM_STORAGE ##配置ASM相关用户密码 oracle.install.asm.SYSASMPassword=luhengxing ##指定ASM磁盘组名称 oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.name=DATA ##指定ASM冗余方式 oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.redundancy=EXTERNAL ##指定ASM AUSize oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.AUSize=1 ##指定ASM磁盘 oracle.install.asm.diskGroup.disks=/dev/asmgrid-data ##指定ASM相关用户密码 oracle.install.asm.monitorPassword=luhengxing oracle.install.asm.SYSASMPassword=oracle ##关闭更新 oracle.install.asm.upgradeASM=false oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
执行安装
$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -showProgress -responseFile /u01/soft/grid/response/grid_install.rsp
以root执行提示需要执行的脚本
$ /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh $ /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
检查CRS
[grid@adg grid]$ crsctl check has CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online [grid@adg grid]$ crsctl check css CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online [grid@adg grid]$ crsctl check evm CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
创建密码文件
$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw+ASM password=luhengxing entries=10 ignorecase=y
加载配置
$ /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/configToolAllCommands RESPONSE_FILE=/u01/soft/grid/response/grid_install.rsp
编辑ASM参数文件
INSTANCE_TYPE=ASM DB_UNIQUE_NAME=+ASM ASM_POWER_LIMIT=1 ASM_DISKSTRING=/dev/asmgrid-* ASM_DISKGROUPS=data1 LARGE_POOL_SIZE=16M
启动ASM实例
[grid@adg dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysasm SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jun 13 04:00:32 2018 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to an idle instance. SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/dbs/init+ASM.ora' ASM instance started Total System Global Area 1135747072 bytes Fixed Size 2260728 bytes Variable Size 1108320520 bytes ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
创建ASM Group
sql> create diskgroup data external redundancy disk '/dev/asmgrid-data';
注册ASM服务
重启ASM服务
SQL> create spfile from pfile; File created. SQL> startup ASM instance started Total System Global Area 1135747072 bytes Fixed Size 2260728 bytes Variable Size 1108320520 bytes ASM Cache 25165824 bytes ASM diskgroups mounted ASM diskgroups volume enabled
DB安装 编辑响应文件(/解压路径/response/db_install.rsp)
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0 ##安装类型 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY ##主机名称 ORACLE_HOSTNAME=adg ##用户组 UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall ##清单目录 INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory ##选择语言 SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN ##ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 ##ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ##安装企业版 oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE ##不用安全更新 DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true ##DBA用户组 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba ##oper用户组 oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper ##跳过更新 oracle.installer.autoupdates.option
执行安装
$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -ignorePrereq -noconfig -responseFile /u01/soft/database/response/db_install.rsp
以root执行提示的脚本
As a root user, execute the following script(s): 1. /app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 2. /app/oracle/11g/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
监听安装 编辑响应文件(/解压目录/response/netca.rsp)
[GENERAL] RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.2" CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM" [oracle.net.ca] INSTALLED_COMPONENTS="server","net8","javavm" INSTALL_TYPE=""typical"" LISTENER_NUMBER=1 LISTENER_NAMES="LISTENER" LISTENER_PROTOCOLS="TCP;1521" LISTENER_START=""LISTENER"" NAMING_METHODS="TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME" NSN_NUMBER=1 NSN_NAMES="EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA" NSN_SERVICE="PLSExtProc" NSN_PROTOCOLS="TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"
执行安装
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile /app/database/response/netca.rsp
DBCA建库 编辑响应文件(/解压目录/response/dbca.rsp)
[GENERAL] RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0" OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase" [CREATEDATABASE] GDBNAME = "adg" SID = "adg" TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc" CHARACTERSET="ZHS16GBK" MEMORYPERCENTAGE = "60" EMCONFIGURATION = "NONE" SYSPASSWORD = "luhengxing" SYSTEMPASSWORD = "luhengxing" SYSMANPASSWORD = "luhengxing" DBSNMPPASSWORD = "luhengxing" STORAGETYPE=FS ASMSNMP_PASSWORD="luhengxing"
执行安装
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responsefile /app/database/response/dbca.rsp
参考链接
Oracle Database Installation Guide for Linux
文档ID 169706.1